The EU is a broken animal, that was made with great expectations, but left to run amok, and chase a dream of federal states ...
I agree.
But after thinking about it a bit I've come to the conclusion that truly free trade between nations cannot happen without some political integration. (I'm not saying that's a good thing, simply that it's a pre-requisite for maximising trade benefit)
Trade agreements on their own may decide tarrifs, or lack of them, but to maximise that trade you need:
- freedom of movement, the ability for businesses to send staff back and forth freely, station staff abroad etc. Small businesses would also need this to attend conferences, cross borders to find suppliers ...
- Other agreements: People who are stationed abroad will fall in love and get married to foreign nationals and take up permanent residence, get ill and need treatment at a foreign hospital etc. Can't happen without agreements. Even everyday stuff like acceptance of each other's driving licences is needed to minimise friction.
- harmonisation of government subsidies and taxes so the businesses of a particular industry in one country don't have an unfair advantage over similar businesses across the border (or unscrupulous people would create an unfair advantage to destroy an industry across the border to give themselves a monopoly position). This is closely connected with environmental issues.
- standardisation: From a trade perspective it helps if everyone is using the same units of measurement (and currency). Standarise a widget's shape and size and consumers across the free trade zone benefit from economies of scale in the manufacture of that widget. Whatever the other arguments against harmonisation and standardisation, they help trade.
- legal convergence: Again, simpler and cheaper for businesses to have common laws they need to work within, whether that's on human rights, employment or regulation.
Politicians over the years signed us up into more and more of that integration, but they did so without co-opting public support .. and without explaining the pros and cons. Further, the EU brought about some of that harmonisation by the back door which didn't help attitudes and feelings towards them.
It's a sad state of affairs if, according to the polls today, a few million Brexiters are regreting their decision and would vote differently if asked again. The video posted
here of a young lady who voted "Out" so she doesn't have to watch the Euros football next year may or may not be true, but it's not far off the reasons posted elsewhere which include video interviews like these:
"I voted out because I don't want no more Muslims coming to this country"
"We should take back control of our borders so all the black criminals from Africa stay in Africa"