My Blog - The Import Guide

Import Expert

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  • Feb 1, 2012
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    Chelmsford, U.K.
    Dear All,

    I have started a blog as per the title, both to offer advice for first timers and current importers alike.

    http://thewoodlandgroup.wordpress.com/

    I hope some of you might find it of use as I add more content (it was only started yesterday so early days as yet). It is all my own work and I would like to think I am an 'expert' in this field (Hence by user name here).

    Hope I am not breaking any forum rules in asking people to take a look/subscribe - No money changes hands - it's simply 'insiders' advice to help importers.

    Hopefully it will be a valuable tool for importers.

    Kind regards,
    Darren.
     
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    Please find below the latest post on the Blog - This explains in simple terms how the importation process works, for Sea, Air and Courier.

    If anyone has any questions please do ask as I am more than willing to help.




    These are the practicalities of the import process that perhaps we within the industry take for granted but can be a worry to new importers which is perfectly understandable. I will try and summarise the process from A to B to make it as clear as possible.


    Seafreight

    Let us assume that your order is ready at the factory or you have at least been given a date when it will be ready. For arguments sake it is of a size suitable for shipping by seafreight - say a part load shipment (LCL) which is perhaps the most common.
    You should have already asked your supplier for an FOB price prior to agreeing to any purchase. This means the supplier will arrange to get goods to the port of export and will almost certainly be the cheapest option in the long run.

    1) If you have not already, get a quote from a UK based freight forwarder for FOB Port to delivered door UK. This will ensure no unexpected costs.

    2) Should the price be acceptable, confirm the booking with the freight forwarder. You need to advise them that you accept the quote, provide confirmation of weight, cube, number of packages and type of goods. Give them contact details for your supplier including name and address, contact number/email and contact name along with any references required.

    3) Ask the forwarder for details of their agent/office at the relevant place of origin. Provide the details to your supplier and advise them that they will be in touch to arrange shipping.

    4) You also need to decide at this point whether you want the goods insured- Ask for a price for this and again confirm in writing that you require this if acceptable.

    At this point behind the scenes the UK forwarder will get in touch with their overseas office, who in turn will make contact with the supplier. Once you have paid your supplier they will deliver goods in to the forwarders warehouse at the port of origin and pay the FOB costs.

    Insider Tip

    Now and again a new Supplier will agree FOB price, but when they go to pay the freight forwarders agent in China the costs are higher than they expected and they advise it is not viable for them. The reason for this is that FOB costs are not set in stone so they vary from company to company. The fact that the supplier is advising that these are too high after they have already agreed to the sale is not a scam as such – it might be that they have simply underestimated these or based their calculations at the lower end of the scale. Be aware though that this might be a tactic to get you to ship under CIF/C&F terms, where they make more money in the long run. These circumstances are very rare, but if they do happen, let your forwarder know and they can open a line of communication for you. What you end up doing obviously depends how much room you have in your profit margin to subsidise this as if a small amount it might just be easiest to pay slightly more, especially if your freight rate is very cheap. They might end up agreeing to them - often after some negotiation something can be done.

    5) Goods will be loaded into a container, put on a Vessel and will be on their way.

    6) A bill of lading is issued by the overseas agent, which shows the confirmed shipping details. This is a very important, often misunderstood document as the 'holder' of the original bill of lading has legal title to the goods. There are two choices here that you and the supplier have that you need to agree between yourselves.

    a) Have the original bill of lading sent to you in the UK. The overseas agent will issue the originals - (usually three of them) to the supplier. The supplier (once all costs have been paid to them) will post these to you. You will need to present one of the originals to the UK forwarder for them to release/deliver goods to you.

    b) Ask your supplier for a telex release/express release. This simply means that the supplier will inform the agent that they do not require the originals as they have been paid. In this case you will not need to present the originals to the UK forwarder but you should still ask for a copy as it shows the shipment information.

    7) So now the goods are on the water you need to consider getting them to you. Whether you are VAT registered or not, you will need to apply for an EORI number from HMRC, which effectively allows you to import. You need to complete a fairly simple application form that can be downloaded from HMRC website. It will ask for you and your trading details and details of the shipment in question. The form can be emailed to the EORI team at HMRC and they will process and issue this within 72 hours or so, depending how busy they are. I would recommend doing this a week or two before goods due into the UK. Please note you can only reclaim import VAT as input tax if you are VAT registered - An EORI alone will not allow you to do this.

    8) You may receive a notice of arrival from the freight forwarder a week or so before the goods due into the UK, confirming the arrival details and often asking for your information for customs clearance. Please note that it is not a legal obligation to send out notice of arrivals so you should not rely on this alone - if you know goods are due in imminently call your forwarder and ask for an update.

    9) Provide them with your EORI number, the commercial invoice, the original bill of lading (if required) and the customs tariff code for the goods. The tariff code is a ten digit number that refers to the exact product you are importing and will show what Duty rate you are to pay on the goods. The forwarder will often be able to suggest the right one for you but it is your legal responsibility to ensure this is correct - I would always recommend ringing the HMRC classification department who will provide this over the phone - 01702 366077.

    Back to 'behind the scenes' now. The Vessel has arrived, the container has been unloaded and more than often the forwarder will move this to their customs warehouse to unload and carry out customs clearance.

    10) The forwarder should then issue you with a sales invoice covering the shipping costs as quoted (Check it matches the quote - if it doesn't, ask why). Unless you have your own deferment account, you will also get a Duty/VAT invoice for those costs which the forwarder will have paid to HMRC

    11) Pay the forwarder. Credit arrangements are rare nowadays unless you are a very established importer so you will usually need to pay the invoices before they will book delivery. Payment methods vary but usually BACS/CHAPS or internet bank transfer, are the most common methods. Note that some forwarders might require cleared funds, so ensure you do this in plenty of time.

    12) Rent charges - This is something you need not worry about as long as you do everything in time. You will usually be given seven days free of charge from the date the container was unloaded (called the devan date) to get goods delivered to you. After this date you will incur daily rent costs, hence the need to be on the ball and not delay payment.

    13) Confirm delivery. Check payment has been received (don't always wait for them to contact you if you know payment has been sent and received as they may handle thousands of transactions a day and they can sometimes be hard to match up, especially if payment has come from a different name to the one on the invoice) and ask when you can have delivery. Depending on location this might be next day or 2/3 days afterwards. The forwarder will usually only be able to give you a rough indication of when it might arrive (i.e. late AM) but you can usually request an AM/PM or timed delivery for a small additional cost.

    14) Unloading. You will need to unload goods from the vehicle as the drivers are not insured to do this for you. Bear in mind factors such as restricted access and restricted parking and be sure to warn the forwarder of these in advance. If it is a large/heavy load, you may need to consider the need for a forklift.


    Airfreight

    There is a similar procedure involved, but everything happens slightly quicker as you would expect.

    The main differences to sea freight are as follows:

    1) Ask your Supplier for Ex Works price (EXW). This covers cost of product only.

    2) Get quote from your UK forwarder based on EXW to Door UK.

    3) Bill of Lading (known as an Airway Bill / AWB) for airfreight, will generally be express release, so no need to lodge with UK forwarder.

    4) Rent free period will be much shorter – Usually 24/48 Hours.


    Courier/Postal

    Generally it’s cheaper to let your shipper arrange the shipping to UK Door, as they are likely to have contracts with various carriers.

    1) On arrival UK, the courier will usually post you an invoice for Duty/VAT and a customs clearance or processing fee.

    2) Pay this by phone/online or in person and goods will be delivered to you.
     
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    Latest post on my Blog shown below - There is a wealth of information on there for new and current importers alike. Please do share.



    How to lose £20,000 in one day



    The question as to whether to hire the services of an overseas sourcing / quality control agent usually comes down to money. How much can you afford to lose? I will go into this in more detail in future posts but for now I want to share with you a real life story that shows what lengths some Suppliers will take in order to scam an importer.

    This comes courtesy of a friend of mine – Daniel Cassidy, who moved to China from the UK early in 2012 to make his millions, which through pure hard work he is certainly on his way to doing.

    So, what happened?


    Along with product sourcing and manufacture, Daniel helps customers outside China liaise with suppliers and safely complete their transactions. He was contacted by a client who wanted him to check an order before payment was submitted to the Supplier.

    This customer had been dealing with a supplier in China for a few months buying and selling external hard drives in relatively small batches and wanted to increase his margins by ordering in bulk. Having had successful transactions with the supplier already he felt that they could be trusted, but due to the amount of money involved wanted to add an element of protection just in case.

    For those of you like me that don’t know a hard drive from a banana – this is what one should look like inside the casing:



    They asked Daniel to visit and check out his supplier, who agreed, and made an appointment to visit the girl he had been dealing with and headed down to her office.

    Through various broken communications he ended up meeting her away from her factory and she brought a sample to check the quality of her goods. The sample was spot on and she seemed like a lovely girl, happy to help. She was quite young, about 22 but that’s pretty normal in China as a lot of the younger generation spearhead the sales teams as they have a richer knowledge of the online sales platforms used for selling.

    It was explained to her that 1000 units were required to the same specification as the sample. This was to be a repeat order every 6 weeks and Daniel advised that he would need to visit the factory before the first bulk order could be confirmed. She was a little resistant to this but it was suggested that as they were in the area they should do it now. She made some phone calls and they headed to the factory.

    A factory visit in China is always a grey area as it’s often difficult to establish exactly who owns the factory. Many ‘middle men’ will say they do when in fact they simply buy from there themselves – Not a problem in itself as they are usually just trying to save face by acting as if its theirs and it’s often cheaper to buy smaller quantities from middle men, but sometimes it would be nice to get a straight answer.

    This particular factory looked good and although the particular model was nowhere to be seen, this again is not unusual as goods are made to order anyway. It was explained that Daniel would collect the stock in person the following week and would pay on collection. This is one advantage of being on the ground in China. She was uncomfortable with this as she explained that a deposit would be required before production. This again is normal – last thing anyone wants is to produce 1000 units for an order that never gets paid.

    A week or so later the goods were ready for collection and DanieI headed down to make the pickup and inspect the goods. The address given was that of the office rather than the factory. It was pretty obvious at this point that the girl was not a factory owner or employee, simply a trading agent, but as mentioned this is not an issue.

    The goods are there, boxed up with some unboxed samples ready on the table to be checked. Again the samples were good quality. A few random checks were made on the boxed items and all also looked good.

    When buying anything related to electronic storage it is very important to check that it does what it says on the tin. Memory costs money and it is a relatively common scam to order one size, but what you actually get has far less storage capacity than is stated. Daniel booted up some of the devices and used his laptop to plug into the hard drives to test the memory – all exactly as ordered.

    The girl was starting to act a little odd – a little uncomfortable while these checks were being made. She explained she has another meeting and had no more time. Daniel felt something was not right and decided to open up a hard drive. This is where it got interesting:



    The girls face was apparently a look of disappointment, not shock, no excuses. The hard drives were using a chip to make the laptop think that they contained 500 GB memory when in reality they were using a 128 MB SD card and would only ever hold a fraction of what they were intended for. To make the weight seem legit heavy fixing bolts had been glued into the casing. On opening a few more it appeared that all of the boxed items were the same. The goods were worthless.



    Realistically this girl lost a good solid customer all to make a short-term gain on one order instead of a steady income for a good time to come. This order was worth around £20,000 which would probably have been over a year’s salary to her, with a UK retail value of double that. This shows that large amounts of money can be made from buying from places like China, but if you take your eye off the ball money can be lost too. It is just a few button clicks away on a computer but a million miles away should something go wrong.

    Scammers make up a tiny percentage of the International transactions that take place every day. Don’t be put off – Just be sensible. As with this case, if you cannot afford to lose £20,000, use an overseas sourcing/QC agent. If you want some recommendations as to who to use get in touch.

    Do take a look at Daniels Blog if you get the chance. http://www.youngmoneychina.com/
     
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    The latest Blog post. Simple stuff but not always obvious.

    Delivery within the UK



    The final delivery of your goods in the UK once they have been customs cleared is seemingly an obvious procedure, so much so that I nearly did not include it here.
    However I heard about a tricky situation during the week that reminded me that things can be overlooked sometimes.

    As this guide is all about minimising your costs and making the process as simple as possible, it makes sense to include it here.

    There are two main types of delivery FCL and LCL. If you have read through the rest of this guide you will know that FCL relates to a Full Container – The big metal boxes you see on the road. LCL is Lesser Container Load – A part load if you like, and for the purposes of this will be applicable to both commercial sea and air freight.


    FCL

    Full load deliveries are pretty simple. You just need to tell your freight forwarder what time, what day and where you want your container delivered. If the shipping line is busy and they cannot do it on that day as they have no transport available, you will be advised of the first possible delivery date.

    To unload, you are likely to need a suitable ramp (you have to consider that the container is a few feet off the ground on the back of a lorry) and will need a forklift if the goods are palletised. If you do not have a forklift then a pallet truck might be suitable depending on the weight of the cargo (and the fitness of those unloading).

    More than often goods will be palletised, but generally shipments from Asia will be what we in the business call ‘handball’. This purely means that the goods are not palletised and normally in cartons that will pretty much be jam packed in the container to make the most of the space. This means that you will not need a forklift and a ramp is not necessary but definitely preferable. You will also need substantial labour as this will be hard work.

    Hauliers will allow you only a certain period of unloading time before they start charging you waiting time (called vehicle demurrage). This can vary but is usually around three hours. After that they will start charging you for the hour, or in some cases per fifteen minutes thereafter.

    Shipments from places such as America will generally be palletised. This is where the ramp and lifting equipment is a definite requirement.

    If a ramp is not available then you might want to consider using a containerlift. This means they lift the container off the trailer and place it on the ground for you to unload. The downside is that the delivery cost will be more expensive.


    LCL

    LCL deliveries can be done on a variety of vehicle types. LCL will normally be palletised by the forwarder at their warehouse for easy loading/unloading even if it came in the original container as handball.

    Depending on the weight/size of the individual packages you may or may not need a forklift or pallet truck. (If it’s only a few cartons you can simply unload these by hand off the pallet).

    You need to consider if a tail lift is required (there may be a small extra charge for this), but most importantly you have to consider both access restrictions and parking restrictions.

    The situation I mentioned at the beginning of this chapter was a new importer who was located down a tiny country lane down a dirt track. The vehicle that arrived was a 40’curtainsider that attempted the delivery but quickly got stuck half a mile away from its intended destination. The importer unsympathetically advised the driver that they should have known it would not be easy, but as he gets his 4×4 down there it should have been possible….

    If it is restricted access do tell them in advance so they can get a smaller vehicle in – usually there is no extra cost to this.

    One other example I should mention was a delivery to a shop in central London with no parking/unloading facilities, resulting in a parking ticket. Again a bit of prior warning and a solution can be found in advance.

    I should also note here that drivers are not insured to unload the vehicles. They are simply there to deliver the goods to you – To the ‘curb’. Of course some of them will help if asked, especially if they are running late and you provide them with light refreshments and possibly a biscuit, but plan in advance as if you have to unload yourself.

    For LCL deliveries you will only generally be able to request a particular day at no extra cost – Good forwarders/hauliers will be able to give you an estimate of a time as well if requested. You can pay a bit extra for a guaranteed AM/PM and a little bit more for a timed delivery.

    As these vehicles can do a large number of deliveries in a day, it is hard for them to stick to exact times as they can easily get stuck in traffic or be held up at a previous job where the vehicle is stuck down a muddy lane, so don’t get too angry if they are late
     
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    The curse of the ‘Cheap’ product



    China is the focus here again. Not because of any particular bias, simply that it seems to be the first Country that people look at when looking to source goods from ‘Overseas’.

    It has the World’s second largest GDP (to the US), but actually takes first place as an economy when the figures are adjusted for Purchasing Power Parity, which takes into consideration wages, price of goods and servicing.

    The quest for ‘Cheap’ products seems to be a common one judging from the enquiries I receive, and I have covered this loosely on other posts already, but I need to re-iterate:

    CHEAP PRICES MEAN LOW QUALITY PRODUCTS.

    Only this morning I received an email from someone asking if I knew of a manufacturer in China that could supply him with cheap USB sticks. I asked them for more information on specifications they required and they replied simply, “It doesn’t matter, as long as they are cheap”.

    NO!

    This is quite simply a recipe for disaster, and it is interesting that most people with this approach are new to importing. Most will not venture into importing again once (if) they receive their goods, which without doubt will be (excuse my French) a pile of crap.

    China is a manufacturing haven. You can pretty much order anything you want and you can be sure that there will be many suppliers providing exactly the same products, so you can to an extent haggle over prices, but you must do it the right way.

    The first question you should be asking a potential supplier is ‘can you provide this product to this specification?’ It even helps to add that you are looking for good quality. At this stage, price should be way down on your priority list. It’s cost you nothing so far right?

    Margins in the main are tight in China. It is not unheard of for a manufacturer to be working on a 1-2% margin. However, as soon as you say you want a cheap product, one of two things will happen. They will either dismiss you, advising you that they are not interested as in their eyes you are an obvious timewaster, or their eyes will light up. They will look at the product that you want for cheap, and strip whatever quality it may have had out of it, using the cheapest components, quickest manufacturing processes and absolutely zero quality control. They may however well end up making much more of a profit margin than they would have normally. Can you blame them?

    Manufacturers need to make a decent profit to survive, and to invest in the next generation of product. Trends run like wildfire – As soon as a product looks to be ending its feasible life span, they will move on to the next product. The factory next door will probably be doing exactly the same thing, with the exact same product.

    So, once your supplier advises they can supply the widget you are after, at your specification, that’s when you can start talking about price. Just be reasonable when coming to an agreement and bear in mind the margin the manufacturer is probably working to. You are not at a market stall in Marrakech.
     
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    Ah, doing the real job then!
    You might like to indicate on here the sort of volumes and values that are appropriate for sea freight; cube of containers; timelines and so on. But up to you as its going well as it is.
     
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    Great blog. Glad to see you spreading your knowledge.
    If you're interested in writing something about doing trade with Norway, check out:
    nortrade.com
     
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    Due to work commitments my blog has not been updated for some time but I'm looking to start putting come fresh content on there on a more regular basis.

    I'd be interested to know from anyone who imports or is looking to import goods from overseas in the future, what topics or questions you would like to see covered?
     
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    Hey! Thanks for a quite in-depth article about Declaring items as gifts or under declaring value, really enjoyed reading it and found a new information for myself! :)
     
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    The importance of foreign exchange conversions in the Import process

    fx-main-image.jpg


    Guest post by Matt Richardson, founder of betterFX

    As anyone who has done it knows, importing from around the world has challenges and all kinds of costs that need to be combined to give you the overall cost of your venture. Most of these costs are visible and directly measurable.

    Apart from one that is. Foreign Exchange cost.

    To explain this, let’s consider importing an item for $1,000 per unit from the US. (Ignoring other add on costs for now, just to keep the example simple)

    In our example, you have to pay the suppler in US $, so your bank (or other FX provider) gives you an exchange rate to pay from your account in GB £, of say £1 = $1.50, so $1,000 is going to cost you £666.66. All very clear and transparent so far. Yes?

    Sort of. You certainly now know how much that item in the US is costing you in GB £.

    But what if you could have got a better exchange rate…say 1.53? Then your price in GB £ would have only been £653.59. This would have reduced your costs by £13.07 a unit. (An extra 2% profit).

    Most banks and non-banks are in the game of looking to make as much money on this FX ‘spread’ or margin as they can. If they sense you are not right on top of where the FX market is and how it works, many… dare I say most, will look to exploit that at your cost.

    The big high street banks in the UK that most of us bank with are totally inflexible about FX rates and other fees and unless you deal in millions in your FX transactions. So you will just have to take it or leave it. Credit cards are the same – no room to negotiate the FX rate applied at all.

    NOTE – Don’t be fooled if they say they can charge you in your local currency. That just means they do the FX first so you don’t see it at all.

    This is where specialist FX companies such as betterFX come in. They can save you money by negotiating the rates down to as low as possible, to save you money. Visit their web site to find out more, and send an email via the ‘contact us’ page with any questions you may have.

    Here is another TOP TIP. Suppliers in say, China may offer you the option to pay in your own currency, such as GB £. So no foreign exchange costs, right? Wrong.

    They will increase the cost per item to cover THEIR foreign exchange cost, except by much more than their base cost. It is not unusual to see a 10% higher cost, even though they may only be paying 1% for the FX (or less). That is just extra profit for them and extra cost for you.
     
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    Ikkie - Have you ever read Google's guidelines on duplicate content? Unfortunately many people assume that if something appears online twice, googlebot will set off alarm bells and a swarm of locusts will turn up. It's not the case at all.
     
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