I've done my homework and know when to follow the preachings of fishface and his cronies, and when not to.
Yes, citations can come from many sources, but the top citation sites are the ones WhiteSpark have listed.
If you can, please name me 20 citation sites that are better than those top 20 that they list.... G'head...
Speaking in generalities such as 'local business association page' means nothing to a business owner or SEO practitioner. What has value? Specific actionable items, such as a list of real sites with proven worth. Admittedly, I've only used about 2,000 test sites for various SEO activities in the past 5 years, but I'd bet a fair sum that you can't beat the WhiteSpark list.
-------------------------
Local ranking factors <> organic ranking factors?
To quote the gospel of Moz...
https://moz.com/local-search-ranking-factors
Take a look at that list of local factors, then examine the general factors, of which local play a significant part...
The two are not synonymous, but rather overall organic search rankings have, as one key component, local ranking factors.
Improving local search rankings will almost always contribute to improvements in traffic, conversions and overall site performance via organic search rankings. The only exception would be trying to move position #2 to #1 for a short tail phrase in general, and hoping it would happen by improving local search rankings for a related phrase. It's a bit like every action has an equal and opposite reaction, then exerting all your strength in trying to push over a 100 Ton block of granite. It'd take more than just you to push it over, unless you employee the help of others, leverage, technology or some serious Houdini moves.
---------------------------
Non-linked mentions have value, not just with NAP, but with brand popularity overall. It's the "new black" and will be a hot topic in 2016/2017++ as Google comes to grips with how to rank without relying on backlinks and on-page wizardry.
Non-linked mentions have some value. Linked mentions crush them in terms of potential benefit to a site owner. Try ranking two sites for 'purple whatchamagigglets', one using linked NAP and one using non, with equivalent text and no other backlinks. You'd LEARN that by testing, instead of reciting the rubbish of Rand, that linked NAP has exponentially more SEO value.