I spent 12 years in publishing and I ran a news agency, selling European trade news stories to the UK and US trade press, as well as to general outlets, such as News International and the broadcasters.
So here are some tips and guide lines for PR work and buying advertising -
1. Most of the guff coming out of a PR agency goes in the bin. The very fact that a 'story' is coming out of an agency, may tell the editorial staff that there is almost certainly no story worth running. Most journalists have a healthy dislike for PR agencies, so going to one only makes your life more difficult - and they will want to be paid for getting press coverage which you could have done better and more effectively yourself. That does not mean that they can't help you in other ways (see no.4).
2. You must have a real story. The fact that the MD or some other bod in a company is shouting for press coverage is of no interest to anyone - least of all the readers/viewers. The new engine design from Mazda has had the automotive press in wild excitement, simply because, unlike all the other idiotic non-stories that pour out of PR departments, it is a real technical breakthrough.
3. Talk directly, not via some PR person. PR people tend to not know anything about anything. If your company has developed a new widget, get the head of R&D to call the key journalists directly. The last person a journalist wants to talk to is someone who does not understand all the background required to flesh out a story.
4. If you are new to pitching stories with the press, get professional advice! Yes, by all means go to a PR agency for such help as wording and pitching a story and of course, knowing who to pitch that story to. You may not want an agency to talk for you, but they will know how to word a story, provide background information and good-quality images. They should have server space with images and suitably structured texts that make the journalist's life easier and generally show-cases your company and they will guide you in such knotty issues, such as who to talk to, what kind of material is suitable for which outlet and can act as mediator in such matters as arranging interviews, company visits and press events. A good PR agency will hold your hand throughout the creation and pitching of a story. A bad agency will immediately want to send out a hundred vapid press releases, with their name all over damn thing!
5. Editorial and advertising in any serious publication or other media is totally separate. In many media outlets, they are even different companies. Yes there are 'fluff-stuff' trade mags, but the readers are wise to those and realise that stories run there will be pushed up, as a result of ad-space having been bought. Getting a story into such a mag is not really worth much. Any proper journalist will throw your PR guff straight into the bin, if you suggest that a good story placement might be a pathway to buying more advertising.
6. Many print media outlets are desperate to sell advertising, so you can push as low as 20% of rate card in some cases. In today's market, 60% is about all you should be paying for a single ad. Big rebates are available when the ad sales dept. has booked space and finds it cannot sell it all. Of course, ads bought that way easily conflict with my next point!
7. A single one-off advert is completely and utterly useless. It's like trying to start a car with a torch battery - it ain't enough and is a waste of a torch battery! You have tell people the same thing about ten times, before they realise that they have been told anything at all. And that repetition has to be progressive, take the punter through a cycle from awareness to purchase (Awareness→ Interest→ Desire→ Action).
8. Most advertising is a big-boys-game! The media (esp. local radio and newspapers) is dominated by giant companies, many of which you have never heard of, like Viacom, News International, Gannett, Bauer, Bertelsmann and others. They sell huge blocks of networked advertising across all their various types of outlets (radio, print, TV, on-line) to advertising management companies, who in turn resell to agencies working for giant international companies, such as P&G, Unilever, Pepsi, etc. Small scale local or trade advertising campaigns are similar to sandwiches at a petrol station - a very useful additional source of income, but not central to what what these large companies really do.
9. A good press event can trigger stories across a variety of media. If for example, you are opening a new video studio, there is no point is just sending out PR telling the media that you have done so - nobody cares! Get a local popular band to record a music video live at your studio in front of the press and get your local MP to cut the ribbon and even work with him/her to tie it in with their party's new media and arts initiative. Show the press your new editing suite and give each one a DVD with that video - and for the TV stations, make sure it is in the right format! And if it's a new widget machine, show them how widgets are made from fresh widge, using your new, state-of-the-art Widgematic and give each one a widget to play with.
10. Repeated exposure keeps your company in the 'popular consciousness'. If you are a company with a high profile, you should be creating a good, meaty story about once a year. If you are small, low-profile operation, once every two to three years is about right. This means that you have to think about, plan and structure the next development and work out how that development can be of public interest. A good PR agency can help enormously in the planning and execution of your PR campaign.
11. Good PR is more effective than good advertising. People tend to believe and trust stories within the editorial content of the media more. They view advertising with healthy scepticism. If a manufacturer claims 60mpg for their car, the punter smiles sweetly and thinks "Yer, right - and I can levitate!" But if a journalist in a car mag writes that he or she managed to get 60mpg with careful driving, that statement is believed.
12. If a PR campaign gains traction, boost that message with advertising. If a respected journalist says the they got 60mpg out of your new car, repeat that statement - quote them! If a press event got local TV coverage, show pics of that event in your follow-up advertising to reinforce the message. It shows that you are proud of the coverage you got and that you are energetically out there, looking for trade!