"made" in the UK claim?

scm5436

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Nov 22, 2007
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If we purchased raw materials in India (base oil and aromatherapy essential oils), mixed them together then put them in bottles in the UK and slapped a product label on the front could we claim on the label that the product was "Made in the UK" or even "Manufactured in the UK"?

Strictly speaking all we would be doing is mixing the two ingredients together, to make a massage oil, and packaging it - the creation of the raw materials themselves (distillation/extraction/pressing etc) would take place at a factory in India. So at what point do you draw the (legal) line between where it is "made" or "manufactured"?
 
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Steve Sellers

I vaguely recall a BBC documentary a year or two ago about food products and labelling. As I recall from that it is legal to put say "produced in the UK" if the final stage of production is done in the UK.

I can't reference that though, but I am sure someone can provide a more authoritative answer.
 
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scm5436

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Nov 22, 2007
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I've been doing a bit of googling and it seems this is covered by the Trade Descriptions Act 1968:

36.-(l) For the purposes of this Act goods shall be deemed
to have been manufactured or produced in the country in which
they last underwent a treatment or process resulting in a sub-
stantial change.
(2) The Board of Trade may by order specify-
(a) in relation to any description of goods, what treatment
or process is to be regarded for the purposes of this
section as resulting or not resulting in a substantial
change ;
(b) in relation to any description of goods different parts of
which were manufactured or produced in different
countries, or of goods assembled in a country different
from that in which their parts were manufactured or
produced, in which of those countries the goods are
to be regarded for the purposes of this Act as
having been manufactured or produced
So my next obvious question is - does mixing the ingredients (carrier + a blend of essential oils), putting it in a glass bottle, and slapping a branded label on it count as "substantial change"? It's changed from raw materials into a usable product... but does that count?
 
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Steve Sellers

Trying to find you a link online but the pertinent case is this one:-

Brother International GmbH v Hauptzollampt Giessen (Case C 6/88) (1990) Times, 15 January. http://eur-lex.europa.eu/Notice.do?...nternational~&checktexte=checkbox&visu=#texte

In very brief to be classed as made in the UK:

1.Simple assembly operations do not come within the definition of a substantial process or operation to be taken into account in determining the origin of goods within the meaning of Article 5 of Regulation No 802/68, interpreted in the light of the provisions of the International Convention on the simplification and harmonization of customs procedures, which have been accepted by the Community . Simple assembly operations are those that do not require staff with special qualifications for the work in question or sophisticated tools or specially equipped factories for the purposes of assembly . Such operations cannot be held to be such as to contribute to the essential characteristics or properties of the goods in question .

2.It is clear both from Article 5 of Regulation No 802/68 and the provisions of the International Convention on the simplification and harmonization of customs procedures, which have been accepted by the Community, that the mere assembly of previously manufactured parts originating in a country different from that in which they were assembled is sufficient to confer on the resulting product the origin of the country in which assembly took place, provided that from a technical point of view and having regard to the definition of the goods in question such assembly represents the decisive production stage during which the use to which the component parts are to be put becomes definite and the goods in question are given their specific qualities . If the application of that criterion is not conclusive, it is necessary to examine whether all the assembly operations in question result in an appreciable increase in the commercial, ex-factory value of the finished product . On the other hand, it is not necessary to determine whether the assembly involves any intellectual contribution .

3.Article 6 of Regulation No 802/68 on the common definition of the concept of the origin of goods must be interpreted as meaning that the transfer of assembly from the country in which the parts were manufactured to another country in which use is made of existing factories does not in itself justify the presumption that the sole object of the transfer was to circumvent the provisions applicable in the Community or the Member States to goods from certain countries unless the transfer of assembly coincides with the entry into force of the relevant regulations . In that case, the manufacturer concerned must prove that there were reasonable grounds, other than avoiding the consequences of the provisions in question, for carrying out the assembly operations in the country from which the goods were exported .
 
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scm5436

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Nov 22, 2007
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I'm not great at reading legal mumbo jumbo, but to me it appears to be saying:

1) No you can't say "made in britain"

2) Yes you can say "made in britain", just ignore what we said in 1)

3) It's ok to say "made in britain" as long as the only reason for the assembly in Britain wasn't just so you could say "made in britain" (i think?)

Does that sound a reasonable translation?
 
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Steve Sellers

I would say that you san so long as

  • The final process adds at least 10% in value
  • The final country offers specific technical expertise that cant be gained in the real country of origin
  • Specific characteristics of the product were added in the final stage
  • If criteria above met then - It's ok to say "made in britain" as long as the only reason for the assembly in Britain wasn't just so you could say "made in britain"
 
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scm5436

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Nov 22, 2007
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Well that seems ok apart from the 2nd one. Clearly anyone could be trained to mix a few oils together in the right quantities.

But based on that you wouldn't be able to claim anything was made in Britain if you imported the raw materials. I mean what if you made a cake using French flour? Could you not say the cake was "made in britain"? Or if you made a wooden toy out of a Canadian tree?

That just seems a bit of a high hurdle...
 
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Steve Sellers

But based on that you wouldn't be able to claim anything was made in Britain if you imported the raw materials. I mean what if you made a cake using French flour? Could you not say the cake was "made in britain"? Or if you made a wooden toy out of a Canadian tree?
.

Well I would say that turning French flour into a cake in this country would add substantially more than 10% in value to the product. As far as you're concerned the value is probably your best angle in terms of labelling your products made in britain/uk/england etc.
 
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Arhob1

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Jul 24, 2011
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I woul dsay you are fine to state "made in UK". What is the worst that could happen? One day someone might ask for evidence and you can then state all the added value/cost added in the UK to the end product. If they still object and "they" are someone you have to take note of then you might need to get some labels re-printed.

Whilst it seems a bit of a grey area I think you are sufficiently on the white side to use made in Britain with reasonable confidence.
 
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Steve Sellers

I woul dsay you are fine to state "made in UK". What is the worst that could happen?


18 Penalty for offences
A person guilty of an offence under this Act for which no other penalty is specified shall be liable:

(a) on summary conviction, to a fine not exceeding [the prescribed sum]; and

(b) on conviction on indictment, to a fine or imprisonment for a term not exceeding two years or both.

I think the prescribed sum at the moment is £5000.
 
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scm5436

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Nov 22, 2007
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Well I would say that turning French flour into a cake in this country would add substantially more than 10% in value to the product. As far as you're concerned the value is probably your best angle in terms of labelling your products made in britain/uk/england etc.
oh, I see, the 4 items you stated were 'or' rather than 'and'? ie. pick one rather than meet all 4 requirements?
 
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scm5436

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Nov 22, 2007
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I woul dsay you are fine to state "made in UK". What is the worst that could happen? One day someone might ask for evidence and you can then state all the added value/cost added in the UK to the end product. If they still object and "they" are someone you have to take note of then you might need to get some labels re-printed.
Yes, but we were planning to build the brand around the 'made in britain' idea, so more than just having to change the labels.

And as to the worst that could happen - well, what Steve said... :)

But as mentioned it's a grey area - so presumably if it was a first offence, and I could show that it met enough of the conditions to be at least borderline, then hopefully they wouldn't throw the book at us...? (ie. upto £5000) In fact I would have thought if the powers that be decided we didn't meet the requirements and we agreed to remove the offending text then would they even bother trying to get a conviction? I mean it's a reasonable interpretation of an ambiguous area - it's not like we'd be really taking the micky (ie. importing the finished product and saying "made in britain")
 
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Steve Sellers

oh, I see, the 4 items you stated were 'or' rather than 'and'? ie. pick one rather than meet all 4 requirements?

Sorry I didn't make that clear, yes I would say 'or'. I must stress again though that it is not my area and you ought really get a more qualified view. I am disappointed nobody else with experience in the matter hasn't confirmed or rejected what you and I have said.

You could seek advice from Trading Standards but failing that you will need to seek paid advice from a specialist in this area.

I know a commercial solicitor who may be able to help you(but he isn't cheap). If you want his details drop me a pm.
 
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