Liquidation & Redundancy

Helen Watson

Free Member
Mar 26, 2007
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Hi I am working for a company that I think is about to go into liquidation. The thing I was wondering was, what is my employer legally obligated to tell me, I have been there for 10 years so obviously I'm elegible for redundancy pay but I think that I'll turn up at work one morning to be told that I no longer have a job. Where do I stand?
Any advice would be appreciated.
 
Ouch!

I am struggling to remember some rules, but it goes a bit like this.

There is a very limited amount of your redundancy/notice, and I mean limited! - it is maybe 2 weeks? that becomes a super - preferential creditor, which is paid anyway at full value, and the DHSS stand in your place in the queue to claim it back from the company recievers

In addition there is a small amount the government pay independently, for each week of your remaining redundancy, but it is capped at most a couple of hundred a week.

The difference then between your actual redundancy and what the rules above give you, becomes a preferential creditor on the company - and it is only paid if there is money to do it. And from memory you stand in the queue after the government agencies, and after the liquidators fees from memory

So in practical terms, you can probably forget it.

Maybe I have a jaundiced view, having been a creditor on a couple of bust companies, but I get the distinct impression that Insolvency practitioners charge whatever is left after government agencies and banks are paid out.

If you cant get sensible answers anywhere else I have a copy of the insolvency acts, and if pushed I might look it up for you.

But sadly you will probably say goodbye to all but about four weeks money.
 
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Oh, and I dont think they have any obligation to tell you until after the liquidators are appointed.

But the one ray of hope, is sometimes they will try to find a buyer for the business, and if your role is essential, the liquidator may keep you on. But they have to be really careful - because they become liable for your salary then.

I also believe there can be a problem - I half recollect from trying to buy a business that had gone into liquidation, that transfer of undertaking can apply, which is a big disincentive for either taking over a bust business, or taking the staff with it.
 
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A few references dug up:

Check out this:

http://www.insolvency.gov.uk/pdfs/guidanceleafletspdf/guideforips.pdf

That explains most of the issues, and gives you the contacts

- But really, I shouldnt spend money on legal advice (yet, or unless you suspect wrongdoing) - give any reciever and the government offices chance to explain it first.

- but watch insolvency practitioners, not all of them play by the rules - I will go further and say at least two that I tripped over didnt even seem to know the rules!


A few other pieces

Obligation Capped at 290 per week
Section 166 ERA 1966. The protected redundancy pay is only up to the weekly limit announced each April.
http://www.tgwu.org.uk/Templates/Internal.asp?NodeID=89299&L1=-1&L2=89299
http://www.insolvency.gov.uk/freedomofinformation/technical/wagesowed.htm

Q My employer has gone 'bust': how can I claim my pay owed to me?
Where an employer becomes insolvent owing debts to employees there is a special scheme to compensate these workers. This is known as the 'Insolvency Provisions' of the Employment Rights Act 1996. Under Section 184 of the Act the Department of Employment Redundancy Payments Section will pay to such workers the following debts:
8 weeks wages up to a weekly limit (currently £290 per week) - this includes commission and overtime
Payment in lieu of notice up to a weekly limit (currently £290 per week) - an employee should claim Jobseekers Allowance immediately upon dismissal, as their claim for payment in lieu of notice will be reduced by the amount of Job Seekers Allowance (whether they claim the Allowance or not).
6 weeks holiday pay up to a weekly limit (currently £290 per week) for unused holidays or for holidays taken but not paid, accrued in the previous 12 months
Redundancy
Other payments including statutory payments for time off work, e.g. sick pay, maternity leave; a basic award for compensation for unfair dismissal; reasonable reimbursement of apprentices' or articled clerk's fees and any 'protective award' made by an industrial tribunal.


Notice...no particular obligation listed to employees - till reciever appointed
http://www.companieshouse.gov.uk/about/gbhtml/gbw1s.shtml


The problem I had, in buying a lcompany in receivership:

TUPE causes problems for anyone buying a business.
http://www.financialdirector.co.uk/articles/print/2160463
Good intentions
When the regulations were introduced in April, the government was trying to promote its concept of a 'rescue culture'. Insolvency practitioners had been complaining for years that the cost of the TUPE regulations was a barrier to rescuing ailing companies.

At the time I was interested in this - there was also a limited element of employee pay which jumped the creditor queue - thats back in 1996 - but the rules may have changed since then.
 
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Kimmrunner - your information is somewhat outdated. The weekly cap you refer is actually now £310. Government offices and the like can only give guidance but will not give specific advice. The OP should seek immediate legal advice because employment law changes very frequently

It is bad news when the governments own site is out of date!

However the first document does include the contact numbers for the key regional offices - which in the end are the ones that will help her.

The liquidators ( if appointed ) will no doubt pass on some of this information - including the contact adrresses of the regional offices above.

Provided and assuming they keep to the rules for employees - which in this case she is relying on the govt department, rather than a liquidators honesty - there is unlikely to be a problem.

I would think it is rare for there to be a dividend in respect of the difference between an employees entitlement and the lesser amount paid out at the weekly capped limit:

Note my experience on how liquidators really calculate their fees...it always seems to be whatever is left after paying out some of the preferential creditors. School of hard knocks speaking there! My other negative experiences with insolvency practitioners have been in terms of their failure to check ownership of assets, their willingness to do dirty dishonest deals behind the backs of creditors, and in one case unlawfully putting a major shareholder on the books as an employee ( he wasnt)- so that they could bribe him for him to cast the votes in favour of completing the liquidation. Disgraceful.

But in reality, as I have discovered is it is a expensive thing to challenge them.

My suggestion to the OP simply waits to see what happens and what she is being told! - then there maybe something on which to base some advice on, and with that : I shall politely leave the thread for good!
 
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KM-Tiger

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Aug 10, 2003
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Maybe I have a jaundiced view, having been a creditor on a couple of bust companies, but I get the distinct impression that Insolvency practitioners charge whatever is left after government agencies and banks are paid out.

That's not a jaundiced view, it's what happens as far as I can see. Unsecured creditors rarely get anything.
 
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bwglaw

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Apr 8, 2005
4,567
242
Richmond, Surrey
The general duty to consult should not be confused with the duties set out in The Information and Consultation of Employees Regulations 2004 which provides a much broader duty to inform and consult. These Regulations give employees greater right to be informed of the employer's business where the employee's job is at risk
 
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The general duty to consult should not be confused with the duties set out in The Information and Consultation of Employees Regulations 2004 which provides a much broader duty to inform and consult. These Regulations give employees greater right to be informed of the employer's business where the employee's job is at risk

But the reality can also be , the contract they hoped for doesnt come in, or a creditor whose debt they rely on just went into administration:
the directors can meet the bank tomorrow, the bank can say no and freeze the acounts, the directors have no option and appoint, and "regulations or no regulations" the first "consultation" she may get is finding the offices locked with the notice of a meeting of liquidator and employees scheduled at which they are all told the game is over - and given a number to ring at the redundancy offices.
 
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bwglaw

Free Member
Apr 8, 2005
4,567
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Richmond, Surrey
But the reality can also be , the contract they hoped for doesnt come in, or a creditor whose debt they rely on just went into administration:
the directors can meet the bank tomorrow, the bank can say no and freeze the acounts, the directors have no option and appoint, and "regulations or no regulations" the first "consultation" she may get is finding the offices locked with the notice of a meeting of liquidator and employees scheduled at which they are all told the game is over - and given a number to ring at the redundancy offices.

The law makes provisions for such circumstances
 
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The law makes provisions for such circumstances

But the last thing the OP needs if she really is headed for redundancy on a couple of hundred a week - is to fritter that small sum trying to play legal "King Canute" against forces many times bigger than her.

So IMHO her best course of action is to see what unfolds - see whether there is a probem before trying to solve it.
 
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"Professional experience" - sorry that cuts no ice at all with me.

Since the last 3 times that I asked solicitors to do anything for me were useless, wrong or both, and without exception late: the mystique of the legal profession no longer does it for me. I have got on far better since by acting for myself.

And I too speak from professional experience, of being on the sh*t end of several companies going bust, and getting advice from solicitors, who seem to be very good at reading the rules of poker, but are no use at all in playing the game. - in knowing when to bet or fold

Any way, it will be interesting to see you injunct the liquidators of a company "failed to consult" before it appointed, or then drag them through high court to try to get them to pay out more than the governments pittance, of just a couple of hundred a week.

But whatever keeps you happy.

I keep taking this back, from the point of view of the OP

I still think her sensible course of action
 
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Brin

Free Member
Mar 10, 2006
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Kimmrunner

I take exception to your comments about IPs.

I suggest that you learn the law and guidelines that IPs have to comply with before commenting on what is a highly regulated profession. If you have specific complaints about an IP, then report them to that IP's licensing body, not make general remarks about a profession that you obviously do not understand. And yes, I am a licensed IP. If you have anything that you would like to bounce off me as regards an IP's actions, to check out whether they are right or not, then you are welcome to do so. The fact that you have neither formally complained to the IP's licensing body or if you have you have been kicked into touch by them speaks volumes. And I can assure you that the IP's governing bodies do take all complaints that are made on proper ground very seriously indeed, they start off on the premise that the IP is guilty so must disprove them/the complainant. I see few other licensed individuals/organisations who are subject to such a standpoint by the powers that be.

Either make your case to the governing body of the IP with whom you had a problem, or shut up.
 
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Kimmrunner

I take exception to your comments about IPs.

I suggest that you learn the law and guidelines that IPs have to comply with before commenting on what is a highly regulated profession. If you have specific complaints about an IP, then report them to that IP's licensing body, not make general remarks about a profession that you obviously do not understand. And yes, I am a licensed IP. If you have anything that you would like to bounce off me as regards an IP's actions, to check out whether they are right or not, then you are welcome to do so. The fact that you have neither formally complained to the IP's licensing body or if you have you have been kicked into touch by them speaks volumes. And I can assure you that the IP's governing bodies do take all complaints that are made on proper ground very seriously indeed, they start off on the premise that the IP is guilty so must disprove them/the complainant. I see few other licensed individuals/organisations who are subject to such a standpoint by the powers that be.

Either make your case to the governing body of the IP with whom you had a problem, or shut up.

And I take exception to the way I was treated! - I was shafted out of tens of thousands of pounds!

The fact that I did not formally complain to the governing body says nothing at all except how I value my time - and on one occasion that after 2 years and rheims of correspondence the IP settled with me privately to avoid public embarassment.
 
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Brin

Free Member
Mar 10, 2006
18
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Midlands
The fact is you did not have the confidence in the setrength of your claim to either complain to the governing body or take it to court. Again I say that you probably had no proper claim, the IP may have paid a nominal amount to remove a thorn from his side but after all, two years of whingeing is enough for anyone to bear, even IPs who have to deal with confrontation initiated by other parties all the time!

Does that make you a serial entrepreneur as you claim or a serial whinger or serial failure?
 
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Paul Blindley, joining the thread says:

Either make your case to the governing body of the IP with whom you had a problem, or shut up.

Now Kimrunner and Dawg normally don't see eye to eye, but probably agree that the definition of a forum normally includes "open" and "discussion", a sort of voluntary exchange that usually precludes the term "shut up".


Old joke: "What's an insolvency practitioner?
Someone who arrives after the battle and bayonets all the wounded."
 
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Hi I am working for a company that I think is about to go into liquidation. The thing I was wondering was, what is my employer legally obligated to tell me, I have been there for 10 years so obviously I'm elegible for redundancy pay but I think that I'll turn up at work one morning to be told that I no longer have a job. Where do I stand?
Any advice would be appreciated.
Helen, I hope things work out for you.

I would make one point, though. We now live in a business environment in which loyalty counts for nothing. The relationship between company and employee has changed forever. As individuals, we're going to have to take our destiny much more into our own hands and not rely on our employers. I've seen too many former colleagues of mine, after many years with a big company, lose their position unexpectedly.

Good luck as you go through this.
 
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Brin

Free Member
Mar 10, 2006
18
0
Midlands
Fair comment about discussion.

But people who make claims that have not been, nor will be, proven should be shouted down. It is highly dangerous for people reading this post to rely on that guy's version of the situation.

The comment that I was making is that he should either prove his case, prove the generality, or put forward no such comment at all.
 
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Paul

You know nothing of the cases, so please leave out the cheapshots and speculation.

All three dealings I have had with liquidators variously as creditor,shareholder, and prospective purchaser were some 8-10 years ago, and all of them left a bad taste.

If as you say things are a lot tighter regulated now I am glad of it, it certainly wasnt back then.

I was once involved as a subcontractor to a liquidating company and owner of all the copyrights in software and IP, wrongfully sold and handed on to a group containing at least one former director of the liquidating co, who were not only allowed to purchase the assets ( having deliberately forced the liquidation), but also continued trading using the previous name! This breach of the names act was drawn to the attention of the liquidator, who still did nothing. To cap it all, the liquidator got the vote to complete the liquidation, by paying one of the ex directors a sum as if he was an employee to cast his vote, he was never an employee and there were documents to prove it, so the liquidator hadnt even checked the employee records properly.

It was on that point two years on, when he tried to close the thing up, he was finally forced to concede defeat that he had provably acted wrongfully- and settled with me from his own funds in a sum which did not reflect the value of what was lost, but was sufficiently attractive for me to drop further claims. Until that point my claims would have involved court action: at that point, I had got the liquidator on paper and he knew it.


As you know, court action costs a lot of money.
Litigation in this case would probably have been successful, and would have cost (even then ) an estimated £50-£100K - which is the reason few people litigate. The fact that they dont litigate is not evidence of the weakness of a case.
 
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Computer had heart attack, closed post while writing:

Oh and I forgot to say.

From recollection

-For preparing a statement affairs
-A single contract selling all assets to the ex director and group
-Settling statutory creds

The liquidators fees were £36000 give or take a K

Which just so happened to be what was left after settling
statutories and the bank.
 
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Brin

Free Member
Mar 10, 2006
18
0
Midlands
Kimrummer, my previous comments still apply, don't waste our time here on something that is not relevant to this person's problems, especially something that was so long ago. Deal with such things through the proper channels, not continue whingeing, setting out Sun headline quotes with absolutely no background to enable anyone to take things in context in what is merely your attempt to try to justify the fact you did not have the b-lls or strong legal argument to push your perceived complaint through the appropriate channels.

The law was the same now as it was then, the regulation was broadly the same then as now, you had options, you did not follow them up, even through writing one letter (how much can that cost) to the IP's governing body. Nuf said.

Let's get back to the thread here.

Until a company goes into liquidation, the directors remain in full control of it. The Insolvency Practitioner has no locus standi, he can only deal with those issues that the directors formally instruct him to deal with. The sole duty to deal with employees lies with the directors. If the directors do not formally instruct the IP to do something with the employees (and that instruction must be in writing and the IP must actually be paid for his fees in doing that work before liquidation), then the IP can do nothing.

But for many companies about to go into liquidation, the directors effectively wash their hands of employee issues in the lead up to the formal meetings to put the company down. They do this because they have a number of people giving them grief all at the same time (notably the bank, suppliers, creditors, their family, other shareholders/investors and the IP as a large amount of work has to be done before the liquidation meetings), and frankly often have to keep the wolves from tehir own front door, going out to try to earn some sort of living to maintain their own family: it is a question of respective priorities. This, coupled with the fact that directors often have difficulty telling Jo or Joanne who has worked so hard for the company for so long that she is out of a job, and the fact that the directors have a duty to keep creditors losses to a minimum (by not incurring any further credit, and that means making the employees redundant immediately and this duty which s written into the law is far more important in the eyes of the law than the softer issues surrounding employees) means that they do not always address employee issues as well as they could in an ideal world. Thus, issues such as consultation go out of the window. And in any event what is there is consult about, liquidation means that the company is closing down, there is no other possible outcome for the employees, they lose their job, period.

In practice the period leading up to liquidation is a muddle, with the directors unable to do the completely right thing for the employees (such as they cannot pay them as their over-riding duty is to maintain the status quo, not make it worse for people such as the bank), and the IP not being able to do much because there is no cash to pay him and nor is he formally instructed, employees are often left in a sort of limbo for the 4 weeks or so until the liquidation.

What the original poster should be doing is asking the directors for a letter confirming her being made redundant (which she can then show to the dole office) and the forms to make claims against the government. Often in practice the IP will supply the redundancy letter, signed by the directors, and the forms to the employees. The employee should sign on immediately (if she does not do so, because she will be assumed to have done so and will have dole money knocked off her pay in lieu claim regardless of whether she received it or not). She should also send in the forms to wherever the letter on the redundancy letter says, sooner rather than later as the RPS do tend to batch claims up and will sit on forms until there is sufficient a number to pass through for that particular company.

Monies for the employees comes from the Redundancy Payments Service, part of the government, not from the company. But the RPS cannot deal with any claim forms until they have received certain forms from the Liquidator, and obviously the Liquidator can only submit forms after the company has gone into liquidation (as I said the IP has no power to do so until the Liquidator's appointment is confirmed) and he has checked the wages records/books of the company to check that what the directors and employees are saying is right. The government then take about a month or so to pay claims out (and different claims are paid at different times, a month is the minimum). That means that there is a long delay between being made redundant and when the employee gets their cash (note the cash comes direct from the RPS direct nowadays, but this still means thre will probably be an 8 week + delay). So the poster should contact her mortgage company and any other lenders, explain the position and get a payments holiday if she need one. But explain that any insurance claim forms regardling loss of income cannot be completed by the liquidator til he is formally appointed.

And obviously go out an get a job straight away!

As regards compensation for failure to consult, any such claim is paid out by the government, subject to vertain limits, but whether the employee gets anything depends on the circumstances and don't expect the RPS to pay out willingly when taxpayers' money is essentially being committed by actions of a third party, the directors, who often find themselves with hobson's choice: no ability to do the right thing. My advice, do not spend money employing a solicitor or employment specialist to help you on failure to consult, you could be spending good money chasing a pipe dream.

Finally, fill the forms out yourself, or call the RPS or IP for help on filling them out (note that neither may help until just after the liquidation). Don't waste your time and cash going to a lawyer or employment expert for help: you would be throwing good money away on something that you can do yourself. By the way Sandra, I see the engagement of an employent specialist in a liquidation scenario as more appropriate to helping highly paid employees with significant disputes, not the normal Jo or Joanne in the street who just happens to have been caught up in a liquidation: the costs of any professional, however low, cannot be justified. And don't bother going to the CAB or other free help agencies for advice, they do not have a clue in an insolvency scenario, they do not come across this often enough to build up the right bank of knowledge.
 
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Brin

The essence of all my remarks on this thread as you see were to try to dissuade the OP from taking legal advice prior to waiting to see whether there was a problem to solve,

And not to try to play king Canute against a tide of events she is powerless to stop, and so not to hand what little remains to solicitors.

Which is essentially the same advice you are giving!,

And also an observation that it is rare in a liquidation to see a payout beyond the statutory amounts which whilst I have no statistics, I am sure that this is normally true as an expectation.

My single comment about liquidators was that their fees seem to be high for what they actually do - and most people that deal with them think that too. If your industry has an image problem, dont blame me for it.


Finally in the matter of my action or inaction regarding matters above, I took the advice of one of the premier intellectual property solicitors in my area, which practise also had an insolvency partner, who appeared qualified to advise me at the time: and whose opinion was it would cost me tens of thousands to pursue.

What all sources told me is that what the IP should have done is delivered all the computers to the "phoenix" purchaser (who then proceded to pass itself off as the original company unchallenged) wiped clean, to avoid all such license and IP disputes.

What the IP actually did was hand over all the computers as is , plus all my software backups, leaving me not only fighting the IP but also the "phoenix company" who then proceeded to use that software - but should never have been in a position to do so. The problem with software is the closing of the stable door, once source code has escaped is nigh on impossible.

PS, Your remarks to the OP were useful, and its a pity they werent your first contribution to the thread.
 
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Brin


What all sources told me is that what the IP should have done is delivered all the computers to the "phoenix" purchaser (who then proceded to pass itself off as the original company unchallenged) wiped clean, to avoid all such license and IP disputes.
In that last reference IP referred to "intellectual property" not "insolvency practitioner" - without which clarification the meaning is probably confusing.
 
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Brin

I have confirmed from my records: £36000 was indeed the liquidators fee on that occasion, to do a single transaction based on the entire asset base of a small company of a handful of people, and a few tens of creditors.

And I dont care how you try to dress that figure up with industry mumbo jumbo, rules, mystique and additional duties : the creditors were well and truly shafted on that occasion, as was I.

I am prepared to accept that as in all things there are a variety of standards in operation, and I probably encountered one of the lower forms of life that inhabit your industry - but you cannot deny your industry has an image problem based on experiences such as the above.

My comments on what the liquidator should or should not do, were based on very expensive, advice from a serious league solicitorwhose opionion was that the liquidator concerned had failed to do the things he should have done to protect interests such as mine.

Net result was it really did cost me tens of thousands, so not surprisingly I am not best pleased, or well disposed towards your industry, since every encounter I have had with it has been less than satisfactory.

I accept that someone has to do your job, it is a necessary role, which I suspect is rarely pleasant, and as a creative person I would not do it for any sum of money.

As regards my discussion with others on other topics such as franchising, I suggest now that you stick to things you know: you are unable to judge the mertis of either set of arguments on those threads:

My views on all things are based on having been there and done it , and what I have observed along the way.

And if one thing annoys me more than anything, it is how sectors of any industry try to whitewash their tarnished record and hide their dirty washing rather than clean it , to the point where the reality and the image have little resemblance, which is the essence of my argument with franchising.

As I have said twice, in the matter of this OP - our suggestions seem to agree - so on that note, I will quietly disappear, so you can now insult away to your hearts content.
 
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Brin

I have confirmed from my records: £36000 was indeed the liquidators fee on that occasion, to do a single transaction based on the entire asset base of a small company of a handful of people, and a few tens of creditors.

And I dont care how you try to dress that figure up with industry mumbo jumbo, rules, mystique and additional duties : the creditors were well and truly shafted on that occasion, as was I.

I realise I didnt finish the anecdote - which at least may put the charges into a contex.

Just about two years later, the investor who had funded the phoenix realised his arrogane, and to some extent a smoke screen put up by the director and group that initiated the phoenix, had got in the way of his business sense, and pulled the plug on further funding of this phoenix.

Which again was wound up, this time for good.

So an organisation , by then bigger, but with more or less the same quantity of part finished stock, again went into liquidation. And whilst by then I had ceased any interest, I knew the person who bought the assets essentially as scrap and value of machinery, so I saw the papers of the liquidation.

So the same set of assets, with rather more creditors and rather more staff, with a sole purchaser, was wound up for around £7000, a far more reasonable sum for the job, and that too, just happened to be the difference between the assets and the statutory sums owing.

Any credibility the original price charged for liquidation is shattered.

Finally as I have said before , in the matter of this OP - our suggestions seem to agree - so on that note, I will quietly disappear
 
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